Edulight Academy

  ESSAY QUESTIONS: PREREQUISITES FOR DIHYBRID CROSS  SECTION A: Basic Concepts of Genetics Explain why Gregor Mendel is regarded as the Father of Genetics. Describe the characteristics of Pisum sativum that made it suitable for Mendel’s experiments. Define and explain the following terms with examples: a. Gene b. Allele c. Trait d. Character Differentiate clearly between dominant and recessive alleles using suitable examples. Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype. Illustrate your answer with examples. Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous conditions, giving two examples of each. SECTION B: Mendel’s Laws State and explain Mendel’s First Law of Inheritance. State and explain Mendel’s Second Law of Inheritance. Describe how alleles separate during gamete formation. Explain the principle of independent assortment and its importance in inheritance. SECTION D: Gamete Forma...

Introduction to the Circulatory System in Mammals The circulatory system in mammals is a transport system responsible for the movement of blood throughout the body. It ensures the delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies to body tissues and the removal of metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide and urea. Mammals possess a closed, double circulatory system , which allows blood to flow efficiently under high pressure. Components of the Mammalian Circulatory System The circulatory system consists of: 1.  The Heart   – a muscular pump that drives blood circulation. 2.  Blood Vessels   – arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood. 3.  Blood   – the fluid medium that carries substances. Structure of the Mammalian Heart The mammalian heart is a four-chambered muscular organ  located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, slightly tilted to the left. It is enclosed by a protective membrane called the pericardium .   External S...

: TRANSPORT SYSTEM The transport system is the movement of metabolic substances from various parts of the organism where they are produced or obtained to the parts where they are either used, stored, or removed from the body.   NEED FOR TRANSPORTATION i. It aids in the removal of metabolic waste, e.g., carbon dioxide, water and urea ii. It helps to move hormones in plants and animals from where they are produced to areas of need. iii. It helps transport essential materials in organisms for metabolic processes, e.g., nutrients, oxygen, and water. iv. In plants, transport is necessary to move mineral salt and water from the root to the stems and leaves.   MATERIALS THAT ARE TRANSPORTED IN ANIMALS   The materials transported in animals include: i. Water ii. Digested foods (vitamins, amino acids, mineral salts, fatty acids, glycerol) iii. Gases (oxygen, carbon-dioxide) iv. Excretory products (urea, carbon-dioxide, excess salt) v. Hormones (adrenaline, insulin, estrogen,...