SECOND TERM, SS1 WEEK 4 (FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM)

 

FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM 



  1. Roles of Autotrophs, Heterotrophs, and Decomposers

    • Autotrophs (Producers): Organisms (e.g., plants, algae) that produce their own food using sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemicals (chemosynthesis).
    • Heterotrophs (Consumers): Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms (e.g., herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
    • Decomposers: Organisms (e.g., fungi, bacteria) that break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients into the ecosystem.

  2. Trophic Level

    • Represents a feeding position in a food chain/web.
    • Levels: Producers → Primary Consumers → Secondary Consumers → Tertiary Consumers → Decomposers.

  3. Food Chain and Food Webs

    • Food Chain: A linear sequence of organisms through which energy flows. Example: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk.

    • Food Web: A complex network of interconnected food chains showing multiple feeding relationships.

  4. Energy Flow Along Trophic Levels (Ecological Pyramids)

    • Pyramid of Numbers: Shows the population size at each trophic level (usually largest at the base).

    • Pyramid of Energy: Represents energy loss at each level (only 10% of energy is passed on; 90% lost as heat). 

    • Pyramid of Biomass: Illustrates the total mass of organisms at each trophic level, decreasing upwards. 
    • Assignment 
    1. Define trophic level and explain its importance.
    2. Differentiate between a food chain and a food web

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