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WEEK 5: SS1 BIOLOGY THIRD TERM

 



       GROWTH OF MICRO-ORGANISMS


Micro-organisms' growth refers to an increase in population size, i.e, an increase in the number of cells. Microorganisms grow and multiply by binary fission. For example, a bacterium can divide every 20 minutes and this time interval is known as the doubling/generation time. This generation time depends on environmental factors like the availability of food, space, and adequate temperature.


BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS


Many micro-organisms are beneficial in the following ways:


1. In nature, they function as decomposers and primary producers. Many saprophytic bacteria and fungi convert dead remains of organisms and their wastes into humus , which improves soil fertility.

2. In medicine, microbes are useful in the manufacture of drugs, vaccines and antibiotics which help in curing many human diseases e.g Penicillin - an antibiotic obtained from Penicillium notatum (a fungus). Also, sources of Vitamin B and Enzymes.

3. In Industries, microbes are useful for baking, alcohol fermentation, dairy, tobacco curing, leather tanning etc


HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MICROBES. Microorganisms are responsible for the following-

1. Cause of disease

2. Food spoilage

3. Deterioration of materials

4. Death

5. Product quality reduction

6. Crop and livestock yield reduction

DISEASES CAUSED BY MICRO-ORGANISMS

Some important diseases of humans are discussed in the table below:

Disease

Pathogen

Method of spread

Symptoms

Measles

Paramyxovirus

Air

Sharp cough, headache, rashes, fever

Amoebic dysentery

Entamoeba histolytica

Food and water contaminated with amoebic cyst and faeces

Heavy vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pains

Malaria

Plasmodium species

Bite of infected Anopheles mosquito

Chills, fever, sweating, headache, loss of appetite, nausea

Rabies

Rhabdo virus (an RNA virus)

Breaks in the skin through bites of infected dogs, cats

High fever, headache, sore throat, convulsions


ASSESSMENT: 

1. State and describe the harmful effects of Micro-organisms.

2. Mention some examples of diseases caused by microbes, pathogen (causative organism), mode of transmission and symptoms

3. Describe STIs mentioning examples

ASSIGNMENT: Mention possible means of controlling harmful microbes.


Comments

Anonymous said…
Thank you sir
May 25, 2025 at 11:14 PM
Anonymous said…
Thanks you sir
May 26, 2025 at 11:47 PM
Anonymous said…
Thank you sir
May 28, 2025 at 3:14 PM
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