SS1 THIRD TERM WEEK 9: REPRODUCTION



KEY VOCABULARY WORDS: Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Conjugation, Clitellum, Spore, Hermaphrodite

REPRODUCTION

Reproduction is the process by which an organism give rise to new individuals of the same species in order to ensure continuity of life.

TYPES OF REPRODUCTION                               

  1. Asexual Reproduction
    A type of reproduction where one parent produces offspring without the involvement of sex cells. The offspring are exact copies of the parent. Example: budding in yeast.

  2. Sexual Reproduction
    Involves two parents and the fusion of male and female sex cells (gametes). The offspring have traits from both parents. Example: reproduction in humans.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION


Features

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

 Parents

                    One parent

Two parents

Gametes

No gametes

Involves male and female gametes

Offspring

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent

Offspring show genetic variation from parents

REPRODUCTION IN LOWER ORGANISMS

1. AMOEBA The process of asexual reproduction in amoeba is

        (a) Binary fission

        (b) Budding

        (c) Vegetative reproduction

        (d) Spore formation

Reproduction in Amoeba
Amoeba reproduces asexually through a process called binary fission. The nucleus divides first, followed by the division of the cytoplasm, forming two identical daughter cells.



      2.   PARAMECIUM

a. Binary fission

b. Conjugation

Reproduction in Paramecium
Paramecium reproduces both asexually and sexually. Asexually, it divides by binary fission, producing two identical cells. Sexually, it undergoes conjugation, where two paramecia exchange genetic material to increase variation.



      3.    EARTHWORM :. Mating (Sexual Reproduction)

Reproduction in Earthworm
Earthworms are hermaphrodites, meaning each has both male and female reproductive organs. They reproduce sexually by exchanging sperm with another earthworm. Fertilization occurs externally in a cocoon, where eggs and sperm are deposited, and young worms hatch from the cocoon.


I. Define Reproduction.

II. Mention and describe the types of Reproduction

III. Differentiate between the two types of Reproduction.

STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION

Structural adaptations are special modifications or structures which enable organisms to survive better in their various environments.

STRUCTURAL ADAPTIVE FEATURES OF FISH, TADPOLES, LIZARD, SNAIL, CRABS AND BIRDS

Fish: 

° Gills for gaseous exchange in water

° Fins for swimming/movement in water

Tadpole: 

° Streamline body for movement with little friction in water

° Gills for gaseous exchange

Lizard: 

° Scales to reduce water loss and offer protection

° Fore limbs and Hind limbs for movement on land

Snail:

° Shell to protect from predators and desiccation

° Muscular foot enables movement and adhesion to the surface.

Crab:

° Hard, Calcareous Exoskeleton for protection from mechanical injury

° Powerful claws for defense and capturing preys.

Bird:

° Feathers for regulation of body temperature and insulation

° Wings for flight

ASSESSMENT: 

I. Define Adaptation

II. Mention and describe types of adaptation

III. State the adaptative features of fish, tadpole, lizard, snails, crabs and birds.


 

 

 

 

 

 

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