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WEEK 8: SS1 BIOLOGY, TOWARDS BETTER HEALTH

 

TOWARDS BETTER HEALTH

KEY VOCABULARY WORDS: Vector, Pathogen, Antibiotics, Antiseptic, Dehydration, Disinfectant, 

CONTENT: WAYS OF CONTROLLING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS

  • Control of harmful microbes includes:
  • Inhibition of growth/killing by chemicals
  • Boiling or heating of food, and pasteurization of milk, help reduce the activities of microbes to the barest medium.
  • Covering food to prevent vectors and pathogens in the air from coming in contact with the food
  • Antibiotics such as ampliclox is a drug used to kill many bacteria-causing diseases.
  • High salting is also used to preserve food from spoiling.
  • Sanitation: keeping the body and the environment clean.


CONTROL OF VECTORS

A Vector is an animal which transmits a disease causing microbe (pathogen) from the victim of the disease to another individual.


EXAMPLES OF VECTORS are

1. Mosquitoes

2. Houseflies

3. Black flies

4. Rats e.t.c



CONTROL OF DIFFERENT VECTORS


● CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES


1. Draining of swamps/stagnant waters

2. Clearing of bushes around houses/offices


       ●    CONTROL OF RATS


1. Use of chemicals (Rodenticides)

2. Use of poison baits

3. Maintenance of environmental hygiene

ASSESSMENT:

1. State and describe ways by which harmful micro-organisms (pathogens) can be controlled.

2. Define vectors and mention examples

3. Highlight ways of controlling vectors.



MAINTENANCE OF GOOD HEALTH.      

KEY VOCABULARY WORDS: NMA, UNICEF, WHO, UNESCO, NAFDAC, IRC, Refuse, Sewage, Septic tank.                          

There are many ways of maintaining good health, including:

I. Proper refuse disposal.

II. Proper sewage disposal.

III. Protection of water.

IV. Protection of food.

ROLES OF HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS

The administration of health services in Nigeria is achieved through the following approved organizations:

a. Ministry of Health

b. University Teaching Hospitals. Example UCH, Ibadan

At the international level, health control is organized to prevent the spread of diseases and also provide medical palliatives to developing countries ravaged by certain pathogens and diseases. Some of the International health organizations include:

Short Roles of Key International Health Organizations

World Health Organization (WHO)

  • Leads and coordinates global efforts to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable.

  • Sets international health standards, provides technical assistance, and responds to health emergencies like disease outbreaks.

  • Works to ensure universal health coverage, prevent and control diseases, and improve health systems worldwide

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

  • Provides humanitarian and developmental aid to children and mothers globally, focusing on health, nutrition, education, and child protection.

  • Delivers immunizations, supports safe water and sanitation, promotes education, and responds to emergencies affecting children.

  • Works in over 190 countries to protect the rights and well-being of every child, especially the most disadvantaged.

International Red Cross (IRC)

  • Comprises the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and 191 National Societies.

  • Provides humanitarian protection and assistance to people affected by armed conflict, disasters, and other emergencies.

  • Operates on principles of neutrality, impartiality, and independence, aiming to alleviate human suffering and promote peace.

 ROLES OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS

Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH)

  1. Formulates national health policies and oversees tertiary health care through teaching hospitals, federal medical centers, and specialist hospitals.
  2. Leads national programs such as the National Malaria Elimination Program (NMEP) and coordinates health emergency responses.
  3. Oversees divisions including hospital services, nursing, dentistry, blood transfusion, trauma/emergency response, e-health/telemedicine, and cancer control.

State Governments and Agencies

  1. Provide secondary health care mainly through state general hospitals and some tertiary care via state teaching hospitals.
  2. Coordinate primary health care at the local government level through State Primary Health Care Development Agencies (SPHCDA)
  3. Adapt and implement national health policies and lead programs targeting AIDS, TB, malaria, and other priority health issues

ASSESSMENT: 

1. Highlight ways of maintaining good health.

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