Edulight Academy

  TOWARDS BETTER HEALTH KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:  Vector, Pathogen, Antibiotics, Antiseptic, Dehydration, Disinfectant,   CONTENT:   WAYS OF CONTROLLING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS Control of harmful microbes includes: I nhibition of growth/killing by chemicals Boiling or heating of food, and pasteurization of milk, help reduce the activities of microbes to the barest medium. Covering food to prevent vectors and pathogens in the air from coming in contact with the food Antibiotics such as ampliclox is a drug used to kill many bacteria-causing diseases. High salting is also used to preserve food from spoiling. Sanitation: keeping the body and the environment clean. CONTROL OF VECTORS A Vector is an animal which transmits a disease causing microbe (pathogen) from the victim of the disease to another individual. EXAMPLES OF VECTORS are 1.  Mosquitoes 2.  Houseflies 3.  Black flies 4.  Rats e.t.c CONTROL OF DIFFERENT VECTORS ●  CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES 1....

  SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS.                                               Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (venereal diseases) are diseases that are contracted through sexual intercourse.  Examples include syphilis, gonorrhea, herpes, thrush, AIDS, etc.             STIs, Symptoms and Diseases  DISEASE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM SYMPTOMS GONORRHEA Bacterium(Neisseria gonorrhea) Burning sensation during urination in males Pain in passing urine in females Vagina discharge and swelling of the vulva SYPHILIS Bacterium (Treponemapallidium) A small painless sore appears on the penis or valve at the initial stage. Nervous disorder, insanity, repeated abortion etc. Genital warts Human papillomavirus (HPV) Cervical cancer Painless flesh-coloured bumps develop on the penis and around the vagina and the anus. ASSIGNM...

          GROWTH OF MICRO-ORGANISMS Micro-organisms' growth refers to an increase in population size, i.e, an increase in t he number of cell s. Microorganisms grow and multiply by binary fission. For example, a bacterium can divide every 20 minutes and this time interval is known as the  doubling/generation time . This generation time depends on environmental factors like the availability of food, space, and adequate temperature. BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS Many micro-organisms are beneficial in the following ways: 1.  In nature, they function as decomposers and primary producers. Many saprophytic bacteria and fungi convert dead remains of organisms and their wastes into humus , which improves soil fertility. 2.  In medicine, microbes are useful in the manufacture of drugs, vaccines and antibiotics which help in curing many human diseases e.g Penicillin - an antibiotic obtained from Penicillium   notatum  (...

                                  LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  At the end of the lesson, students will: 1.  Define Culturing 2.  Describe how to prepare a culture solution 3.  List the instruments required and the necessary precautions to be taken in preparing a culture solution 4.  Demonstrate culturing and monitor the growth rate of microorganisms . 5.  Identify colonies of microbes present in different culturing samples. KEY VOCABULARY WORDS:  Culture, Agar, Microscope, Petri-dish, Inoculating loops, Hand lens, Slides etc. Culturing simply involves growing microorganisms in special media in the laboratory. It involves making sterile medium, inoculating, incubating and examining micro-organisms. By this means, micro-organisms' characteristics such as colour, the pattern of growth, and appearance can be seen. -   INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE PREPARATION OF CULTURE SOLU...

 <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8045063389507891"      crossorigin="anonymous"></script> DESCRIPTION AND GROUPS OF MICRO-ORGANISM Micro-organisms otherwise called microbes or germs can be defined as living things which cannot be seen with unaided eye but by the use of microscopes. They exist almost everywhere, in water, air, soil, surface of objects, as well as on and within living organisms.  They are carried by air currents from the earth’s surface to the upper atmosphere. They occur most abundantly where there is food, moisture and adequate temperature for their growth. It was the invention of microscope that opened the gateway to the world of these minute living organisms. The first person to discover microbes was a Dutch man called Anthony Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). Using a simple microscope, he was astonished to discover that rain water that had been collected from pools was full o...